Geoscience Operations overview

The oil and gas industry is divided into three segments: upstream, midstream, and downstream. OPASA forms part of the upstream segment. The upstream segment involves the exploration and production of oil and gas (hydrocarbons). Upstream is characterised by high risks, high investment capital, technologically intensive and extended duration to locate, drill and produce hydrocarbon. The upstream project cycle includes exploration, appraisal, production and decommissioning activities.

In the exploration phase, the goal is to define a location where the hydrocarbons are trapped. Exploration activities such as acquiring and processing gravity, magnetic and seismic data are completed to determine these traps. When a trap is successfully defined, it is drilled by an exploration well. Upstream companies contract drilling companies for their services to extract oil and gas. Post drilling, well-servicing companies conduct related construction and maintenance activities on well sites. These activities include well logging and testing to determine the volume of the hydrocarbons.

During the appraisal phase, additional wells are drilled to appraise and evaluate the extent and volume of hydrocarbons within a discovery. After an appraisal phase, the development plan is defined, which encompasses the installation of subsea equipment, pipelines and facilities required for the production, treatment, transportation, storage and lifting of the hydrocarbons. Finally, the hydrocarbons are produced in the production phase. When production activities cease, the decommissioning phase begins, where the environment is restored to the status closest to pre- upstream activities.

Midstream companies are responsible for transportation from the wells to refineries, and downstream companies are responsible for refining and selling the finished products.

Geoscience Operations

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